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Energy recovery
Energy recovery includes any technique or method of minimizing the input of energy to an overall system by the exchange of energy from one sub-system of the overall system with another. The energy can be in any form in either subsystem, but most energy recovery systems exchange thermal energy in either sensible or latent form.
In some circumstances the use of an enabling technology, either diurnal thermal energy storage or seasonal thermal energy storage (STES, which allows heat or cold storage between opposing seasons), is necessary to make energy recovery practicable. One example is waste heat from air conditioning machinery stored in a buffer tank to aid in night time heating. Another is an STES application at a foundry in Sweden. Waste heat is recovered and stored in a large mass of native bedrock which is penetrated by a cluster of 140 heat exchanger equipped boreholes (155mm diameter) that are 150m deep. This store is used for heating an adjacent factory as needed, even months later.〔 Andersson, O.; Hägg, M. (2008), ( "Deliverable 10 - Sweden - Preliminary design of a seasonal heat storage for ITT Flygt, Emmaboda, Sweden" ), IGEIA – Integration of geothermal energy into industrial applications, pp. 38–56 and 72–76, retrieved 21 April 2013 〕 An example of using STES to recover and utilize natural heat that otherwise would be wasted is the Drake Landing Solar Community in Alberta, Canada. The community uses a cluster of boreholes in bedrock for interseasonal heat storage, and this enables obtaining 97 percent of the year-round space heating from solar thermal collectors on the garage roofs.〔 Wong, Bill (June 28, 2011), ("Drake Landing Solar Community" ), IDEA/CDEA District Energy/CHP 2011 Conference, Toronto, pp. 1–30, retrieved 21 April 2013〕〔Wong B., Thornton J. (2013). (''Integrating Solar & Heat Pumps.'' ) Renewable Heat Workshop.〕 Another STES application is recovering the cold of winter by circulating water through a dry cooling tower, and using that to chill a deep aquifer or borehole cluster. The chill is later recovered from the storage for summer air conditioning.〔 Paksoy, H.; Stiles, L. (2009), ("Aquifer Thermal Energy Cold Storage System at Richard Stockton College" ), Effstock 2009 (11th International) - Thermal Energy Storage for Efficiency and Sustainability, Stockholm.〕 With a coefficient of performance (COP) of 20 to 40, this method of cooling can be ten times more efficient than conventional air conditioning.〔Willemsen, G. 1998. (''Open-loop geothermal heat pump systems in the USA and aquifer cold storage in the netherlands - similarities and differences.'' ) The Second Stockton International Geothermal Conference. March 16 and 17, 1998〕
==Principle==
A common application of this principle is in systems which have an ''exhaust stream'' or ''waste stream'' which is transferred from the system to its surroundings. Some of the energy in that flow of material (often gaseous or liquid) may be transferred to the ''make-up'' or ''input'' material flow. This ''input'' mass flow often comes from the system's surroundings, which, being at ambient conditions, are at a lower temperature than the ''waste stream''. This temperature differential allows heat transfer and thus energy transfer, or in this case, recovery. Thermal energy is often recovered from liquid or gaseous waste streams to ''fresh'' ''make-up'' air and water intakes in buildings, such as for the HVAC systems, or process systems.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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